http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987111000594     

Victor D. Mats  Tatiana I. Perepelova 《地学前缘(英文版)》2011,2(3):349-365

A new model is suggested for the history of the Baikal Rift,in deviation from the classic two-stage evolution scenario,based on a synthesis of the available data from the Baikal Basin and revised correlation between tectonic-lithological-stratigraphic complexes(TLSC) in sedimentary sections around Lake Baikal and seismic stratigraphic sequences(SSS) in the lake sediments.Unlike the previous models,the revised model places the onset of rifting during Late Cretaceous and comprises three major stages which are subdivided into several substages.The stages and the substages are separated by events of tectonic activity and stress reversal when additional compression produced folds and shear structures.The events that mark the stage boundaries show up as gaps,unconformities,and deformation features in the deposition patterns. The earliest Late Cretaceous-Oligocene stage began long before the India-Eurasia collision in a setting of diffuse extension that acted over a large territory of Asia.The NW-SE far-field pure extension produced an NE-striking half-graben oriented along an old zone of weakness at the edge of the Siberian craton.That was already the onset of rift evolution recorded in weathered lacustrine deposits on the Baikal shore and in a wedge-shaped acoustically transparent seismic unit in the lake sediments.The second stage spanning Late Oligocene-Early Pliocene time began with a stress change when the effect from the Eocene India-Eurasia collision had reached the region and became a major control of its geodynamics.The EW and NE transpression and shear from the collisional front transformed the Late Cretaceous half-graben into a U-shaped one which accumulated a deformed layered sequence of sediments.Rifting at the latest stage was driven by extension from a local source associated with hot mantle material rising to the base of the rifted crust.The asthenospheric upwarp first induced the growth of the Baikal dome and the related change from finer to coarser molasse deposition.With time,the upwarp became a more powerful stress source than the collision,and the stress vector returned to the previous NW-SE extension that changed the rift geometry back to a half-graben. The layered Late Pliocene-Quaternary subaerial tectonic-lithological-stratigraphic and the Quaternary submarine seismic stratigraphic units filling the latest half-graben remained almost undeformed.The rifting mechanisms were thus passive during two earlier stages and active during the third stage. The three-stage model of the rift history does not rule out the previous division into two major stages but rather extends its limits back into time as far as the Maastrichtian.Our model is consistent with geological, stratigraphic,structural,and geophysical data and provides further insights into the understanding of rifting in the Baikal region in particular and continental rifting in general.  相似文献   

An efficient focusing model for generation of freak waves   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

LIU Zanqiang  ZHANG Ningchuan  YU Yuxiu 《海洋学报(英文版)》2011,30(6):19-26

Based on the Longuet-Higgins wave model theory, the previews studies have shown that freak waves can be generated in finite space and time successfully. However, as to generating high nonlinear freak waves, the simulation results will be unrealistic. Therefore, a modified phase modulation method for simulating high nonlinear freak waves was developed. The surface elevations of some wave components at certain time and place are positive by modulating the corresponding random initial phases, then the total surface elevation at the focused point is enhanced and furthermore a freak wave event is generated. The new method can not only make the freak wave occur at certain time and place, but also make the simulated wave surface time series satisfy statistical properties of the realistic sea state and keep identical with the target wave spectrum. This numerical approach is of good precision and high efficiency by the comparisons of the simulated freak waves and the recorded freak waves.  相似文献   

Algorithms for automatic,real-time tsunami detection in wind–wave measurements Part I: Implementation strategies and basic tests     

Gian Mario Beltrami  Marcello Di Risio 《Coastal Engineering》2011

Several, although not all, wind–wave gages are equipped with sensors capable of detecting sea-level oscillations within the tsunami frequency band. The present paper looks at the algorithms to be implemented in the software of these gages in order to automatically perform the real-time detection of a possible tsunami within recorded signals. In particular, a new algorithm is proposed and tested. The first part of the paper concentrates on the algorithms' characteristics, implementation strategies and basic testing. First of all, the situations in which wind–wave measurements are either essential, or useful for real-time tsunami detection are discussed. In the second place, already existing algorithms are recalled, specifying their characteristics and fields of application. Then, the characteristics of the new proposed algorithm – mainly based on an infinite impulse response, time domain filter – are illustrated and analyzed. Performance and efficiency of the considered algorithms are compared using synthetic time series. The second part of the paper discusses the algorithms' use in the framework of Tsunami Early Warning Systems (TEWS), testing them in actual cases.  相似文献   

浅海导管架平台结构损伤诊断试验研究     

刘杰鸣  李绂  黄维平  石湘 《海洋工程》2011,29(4):37-42

基于模型试验研究了浅海导管架平台的结构损伤诊断,采用标量型ARMA模型识别出结构的三阶模态参数,分别采用遗传算法和模态应变能法对试验模型不同模拟损伤工况进行了损伤诊断。基于遗传算法,提出了采用不同自由度一阶模态参数的损伤诊断方法。研究表明,由于海洋平台的前三阶模态分别为不同自由度的一阶模态,采用两阶或三阶模态识别损伤时,损伤杆件影响较小的自由度方向的模态参数对结构的损伤诊断将产生不利的影响,成为识别噪声。因此,可分别采用不同自由度的一阶模态进行结构损伤诊断。  相似文献   

沙源供给条件对风沙流结构的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

任春勇  武生智 《中国沙漠》2011,30(3):597-601

 针对风沙运动的气固两相流特点,利用FLUNET 软件,对不同沙源供给条件下各种床面的风沙积蚀平衡进行了数值模拟,给出了风速分布和沙粒体积分数随沙源供给条件和下垫面变化的线图,比较了流动边界条件对流场的影响。计算结果揭示了风沙运动中沙粒的体积浓度分布在风速变化和床面形态变化下的变化规律,为沙漠化的防治和理论研究提供了基础。  相似文献   

煤系高岭石/醋酸钾插层复合物热相变研究     

程宏飞  李凯华  李晓光  刘钦甫 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2015,(3)

高岭石插层复合物作为新型矿物材料现已被广泛应用。然而,插层复合物热稳定性较难控制使其在聚合物中的应用一直受到限制。本文应用热分析、X射线衍射、质谱及发射红外光谱等表征技术对煤系高岭石/醋酸钾插层复合物受热分解产物及微结构变化进行了研究。结果表明,煤系高岭石/醋酸钾插层复合物热相变主要经历以下几个阶段:插层水脱嵌(约350℃),插层剂醋酸钾脱嵌(约400℃),脱羟基(约450℃),偏高岭石形成(450~550℃),KHCO3出现(约600℃),KHCO3热分解形成K2CO3和KAl Si O4出现(约700℃),热解产品K2Al2Si O4出现(约800℃),K4Al2Si2O3出现(900~1000℃),大量K3Al O3形成阶段(1100℃及以上)。此外,还发现通过控制插层率和加热温度,可实现高岭石插层复合物的可控分解、新物相合成与转变,从而有利于新材料的合成。  相似文献   

辽宁兴城地区地球物理探测效果评价     

张黎  刘万崧  张晨曦  赵倩 《世界地质》2015,34(1):194-202

以辽宁兴城实验区为重点,详细分析了重力、磁力、大地电磁测深和地震勘探等不同的物探方法对研究区内地质目标的识别作用。根据重力剖面测量、磁力剖面测量、大地电磁测深以及地震勘探等方法对实验区进行野外勘探工作和详细的数据分析。结果表明,重力异常对于构造单元划分、断裂识别、基底起伏的识别等均能发挥重要的作用;磁异常对于断裂识别、不同磁性岩石单元的识别、岩浆活动的分析等方面均能发挥重要的作用;大地电磁测深,在划分构造单元、确定断裂分布、垂向地层分层方面均能提供重要信息;地震勘探横向上可划分出盆地等构造界限,纵向上可分层。  相似文献   

钼矿石物相的快速分析方法   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

郑民奇  于淑霞  程秀花 《岩矿测试》2011,30(1):40-42

钼矿石的主要矿物有辉钼矿,其次是钼钨钙矿、铁钼华矿、钼华矿和钼酸铅矿。样品经碱熔融分解,硫氰酸盐比色法测定总钼;利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定氢氧化铵溶解钼华中的钼;酒石酸溶解钼钨钙矿中的钼;碳酸钠溶解钼酸铅矿中的钼;盐酸溶解铁钼华矿中的钼。方法对不同钼矿石样品进行了5种钼矿石物相分析,结果与实际地质成矿组分符合。  相似文献   

复方化学消毒剂中苯扎氯铵的高效液相色谱测定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘雯雯  张瑾  乔俊琴  练鸿振 《岩矿测试》2011,30(6):677-682

建立了一种测定复方化学消毒剂中苯扎氯铵成分十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵、十四烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵和十六烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵的反相离子对高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为Platisil ODS(5μm,250 mm×4.6mm),流动相为甲醇-0.2 mol/L己烷磺酸钠(含1%三乙胺,V/V,用高氯酸调节至pH=6.0,体积比85∶15),紫外220 nm检测。用己烷磺酸钠作为离子对试剂,增强了苯扎氯铵成分的保留,三乙胺作为扫尾剂,通过抑制固定相表面残存的硅羟基对苯扎氯铵成分的吸附,减少了色谱峰拖尾。3种苯扎氯铵成分分离良好,标准曲线的线性范围分别为0.002～5 mg/mL、0.005～10 mg/mL和0.005～10 mg/mL,检测限分别为0.0005 mg/mL、0.001mg/mL和0.001 mg/mL。方法具有良好的准确度和精密度,在测定低浓度样品时优势明显。实际用于测定苯扎氯铵消毒液和医用消毒纸巾中3种苯扎氯铵成分的含量,回收率为99.3%～104.1%,日内和日间测定相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于2.0%。  相似文献   

顶空进样-固相微萃取测定饮用水源水中吡啶   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

赖永忠 《岩矿测试》2011,30(5):596-600

用75μm CarboxenTM-Polydimethylsiloxane(CAR-PDMS)固相微萃取头顶空萃取15 mL水样中的吡啶,萃取物用气相色谱-质谱法进行分离和检测,采用内标法和质谱的选择离子监测模式进行定量分析。优化了顶空进样-固相微萃取条件,获得较佳的萃取温度(58.0℃)和萃取时间(40 min)。在优化的条件下,方法检出限为1.5μg/L,标准曲线的线性相关系数为0.9994,线性范围为2.5～50.0μg/L;饮用水源水和纯水加标平均回收率为75.6%～81.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为9.60%～12.21%。使用顶空萃取方式可避免样品基体的复杂性,有利于保护萃取头涂层,同时无需使用有机萃取溶剂;使用质谱检测器可减小假阳性带来的影响。顶空进样-固相微萃取操作简单、环保、灵敏度高,适合用于饮用水源水中吡啶的监测分析。  相似文献